Model Train Terms Made Simple
New to the hobby? Don’t worry—this glossary has your back.
Model railroading is full of unique terms, from "gauge" and "scale" to "rolling stock" and "turnout." It can feel like a different language at first—but you're not alone.
This page is here to break down the most commonly used terminology in model train building, so you can explore, build, and chat with confidence—no matter your experience level.
Whether you're a curious beginner or returning to the hobby after years away, we've got everything you need to feel right at home.
Glossary
Browse this glossary of key model railroading terms—from train types and track layouts to power systems, scenery, and more.
Whether you're new or experienced, it's a quick way to get familiar with the language of the hobby.
Locomotive
The engine that pulls (or pushes) train cars.
Steam Engine
A classic locomotive powered by steam.
Diesel Engine
A modern locomotive powered by diesel fuel.
Electric Engine
A locomotive powered by electricity via overhead wires or a third rail.
Tram / Streetcar
A smaller rail vehicle used in urban settings, often runs on streets.
Rolling Stock
Any train car or engine that moves on the rails (freight cars, passenger cars, etc.).
Scale
The ratio of the model to the real-life train (e.g., HO = 1:87 scale).
Gauge
The distance between the inner edges of the rails.
G Scale
One of the biggest scales (around 1:22.5), often used outdoors.
O Scale
Larger and often collectible (1:48).
HO Scale
The most common scale (1:87), great balance of size and detail.
N Scale
A compact scale (1:160), popular for limited spaces.
Z Scale
One of the smallest model train scales (1:220).
Turnout
A switch that lets trains change from one track to another.
Switch
Another term for turnout.
Crossover
A set of turnouts that allow a train to move between parallel tracks.
Radius
The curve of the track; smaller radius = tighter turn.
Grade
The incline or decline of track (measured in percent).
Ballast
The gravel or material used around tracks for realism and support.
Right of Way
The area the track occupies, including surroundings.
DC (Direct Current)
Traditional power system where voltage controls speed.
DCC (Digital Command Control)
Modern system allowing multiple trains to be controlled independently on the same track.
Transformer
A power supply for model trains, especially in DC systems.
Bus Wire
Main wires under the layout distributing power.
Feeder Wire
Small wires connecting track to the bus wire for consistent power.
Scratch Building
Creating models from raw materials rather than kits.
Kitbashing
Modifying or combining kits to make something unique.
Backdrop
A painted or printed background for your layout.
Scenery
All landscape elements: grass, trees, roads, mountains, etc.
Structure
Buildings or constructed elements (e.g. stations, factories).
Weathering
Making trains or buildings look aged and realistic.
Layout
Your entire model train setup or scene.
Consist
A group of locomotives or cars in a train.
Module
A section of a layout designed to be moved or connected to others.
Freelance Layout
A fictional design not based on a real-world location.
Prototype
The real-world version your model is based on.